State Human Rights Commission (SHRC): Complete Theory Notes for UPSC, SSC, WBCS, PSC, Railway and Competitive Exams
Introduction: The State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) is a statutory body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 for the protection and promotion of human rights at the state level. It investigates human rights violations and recommends measures to improve the human rights situation within a state. Questions related to composition, appointment, powers, functions, and limitations of SHRC are frequently asked in UPSC, SSC, WBCS, PSC, Railway, Banking, CTET, CDS and other competitive examinations.
Key Facts Box
- Established Under: Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
- Nature: Statutory Body
- Level: State
- Appointing Authority: Governor
- Main Objective: Protection of Human Rights at State Level
Legal Basis
The State Human Rights Commission is established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. States may constitute their own Human Rights Commissions to deal with human rights issues within their jurisdiction.
Composition of SHRC
| Position | Eligibility |
|---|---|
| Chairperson | Former Chief Justice of a High Court |
| Members | Judicial and Human Rights Experts |
The Chairperson and Members are appointed by the Governor based on recommendations of a committee prescribed by law.
Functions of SHRC
- Investigates complaints of human rights violations.
- Reviews safeguards provided by law.
- Promotes awareness of human rights.
- Studies factors inhibiting human rights.
- Visits jails and detention institutions.
- Encourages NGOs working in human rights protection.
Powers of SHRC
The SHRC enjoys powers similar to a Civil Court during investigations.
- Summon and examine witnesses.
- Call for documents and records.
- Receive evidence on affidavits.
- Conduct inquiries into violations.
Limitations of SHRC
- Recommendations are advisory.
- Cannot directly punish offenders.
- Cannot investigate cases older than one year.
- Limited jurisdiction over certain national matters.
NHRC vs SHRC
| Feature | NHRC | SHRC |
|---|---|---|
| Jurisdiction | National | State |
| Appointed By | President | Governor |
| Jurisdiction Scope | Entire India | Particular State |
Exam Focus Box
- Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
- Statutory Body
- Governor Appoints Members
- Former Chief Justice of High Court as Chairperson
- Civil Court Powers
Quick Revision Notes
SHRC → Statutory Body
Human Rights Act, 1993
Governor Appoints
State-Level Human Rights Protection
Civil Court Powers
Human Rights Act, 1993
Governor Appoints
State-Level Human Rights Protection
Civil Court Powers
Most Important Points Summary
- SHRC is a statutory body under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
- It protects human rights at the state level.
- Its Chairperson is generally a former Chief Justice of a High Court.
- It possesses powers of a civil court during inquiries.
- Its recommendations are not legally binding.
FAQ Section
Q1. Is SHRC a constitutional body?
No, it is a statutory body.
Q2. Which Act provides for SHRC?
Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
Q3. Who appoints SHRC members?
Governor.
Q4. Does SHRC have civil court powers?
Yes.
Conclusion
The State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) plays an important role in safeguarding human rights at the state level. Understanding its composition, appointment process, powers, functions, limitations, and differences from NHRC is highly important for UPSC, SSC, WBCS, PSC, Railway, Banking, CTET and other competitive examinations.